Author: Theology Everywhere

by Inderjit Bhogal.

Loving, compassionate and welcoming responses to refugees arriving in the UK across the English Channel are lighting up ways to challenge hostility with protective hospitality. These include small and large church congregations, like Brighton and Hove Methodist Circuit, Nailsea Methodist Church and Chester Cathedral, that have in 2023 received the recognition of Church of Sanctuary. Their prophetic responses help to unpack a little of what may be defined as a “more excellent way” of love and compassion. Challenging hostility with hospitality.

The Church of Sanctuary award recognises proven commitments to learning about sanctuary issues, embedding practices of hospitality and inclusion, and encouraging others to do the same. The purpose is to do all we can to ensure that people seeking sanctuary among us have the protective hospitality in communities and cultures of welcome and safety.

This is a constructive example of standing up to racist rhetoric and behaviour around refugees, a faith-based response to the declared intention of our government to build a hostile environment here to deter refugees from coming to the UK.

An environment of hostility: stop the boats

The hostile environment includes the vilification of refugees crossing the English Channel in small boats, and the threat to send “illegal immigrants” to Rwanda.

Boats are not only prominent in politics. They are a metaphor of human life and struggles.

The logo of the World Council of Churches, and Churches Together in England, portrays the Church as a boat afloat on the ocean of the world with a mast in the form of a cross, symbolising faith and unity and the message of the ecumenical movement.

Sadly, many of the boats in the news and media currently are unseaworthy or capsized, broken or overturned, symbols of broken institutions that fail to protect people, life savers they claim to be but moral wrecks.

An overturned boat is a tragic image, but it also has a shape of a dome or a roof.

How can people have safe routes of travel, how can a boat become a symbol of safety again, being rescued, being saved? What part can churches play in this?

Churches have not always been the sanctuary they enshrine. How can they pay more attention to their motif, and uphold the sacredness of movement, safety, building sanctuary?

After all the word ecumenical has its roots in the Greek word oikumene meaning the whole inhabited earth, and embraces, shelters, protects all people. Roof and room for all.

There are different strategies being held before us in relation to boats carrying refugees seeking sanctuary across turbulent waters.

Scripture points to “a more excellent way” (1 Corinthians 12:31).

What does “a more excellent way” mean?

These words introduce 1 Corinthians 13, a beautiful Biblical poem. Its wisdom should not be confined to wedding ceremonies.

Its original intention was to give direction to small congregations struggling to discern their best gifts and their calling, how to use their gifts in situations of opposing views and deep conflicts, and prioritises love.

It asserts that without love all gifts are a sham, a show. Words – however angelic and well meaning – without love are hollow rhetoric, like “noisy gongs or clanging symbols” (verses 1-3).

It insists that love has to be incarnated, made real and visible. We have to express love. Love is revealed and recognised in kindness, patience, humility, self-giving, truthfulness, bearing with one another, keeping hope alive, faces up to all things in life (verses 4-7).

It affirms that love is eternal, not a short-term expression, it endures, never ends. Love outlasts. The Greek word used here is pipto meaning that love never stumbles and never trips up. No other gift is “complete”, no other gift lasts as love does, no other gift compares to love (verses 8-13).

We aim at love, grow towards it, however imperfect our efforts are. It is an ongoing, never-ending pathway. We aim at perfection, complete love into eternity (1 Corinthains 13:9-12).   

Love is the “more excellent way”.

So, “pursue love” (1 Corinthians 14:1).

Wouldn’t it be great if social and political strategy was rooted in love, and that the wisdom of all people was used to work towards a more excellent way?

I offer a symbol of love, Church of Sanctuary.

Churches take pride in welcoming all. Many churches go beyond welcome and are thoroughly engaged with supporting refugees and people seeking sanctuary.

Acts of love are never erased, they strengthen the foundations and the pathways of love, for us and others – a lasting legacy.

by Raj Bharat Patta.

For ‘Christ the King’, a week before Advent, the lectionary gospel this year was Matt 25:31-46, with the Son of Man as the king judging the nations. This text offers alternative and even reverse kingship, radically different from the Roman emperors and today’s political kings and kingmakers. This is the last speech of Jesus Christ before his passion, about sheep and goats, before, ultimately, he becomes the scapegoat of the empire, for preaching the kingdom of God against the kingdom of Rome.

Christ the king reverses kingship by offering the kingdom of God to people of his choice. Those who have addressed the needs of the ‘others,’ who have been quenching thirst and feeding the hungry with food and justice suddenly became the inheritors of Christ’s kingdom. Christ the king invites all those who served the weak and vulnerable: ‘come, you that are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world’ (v.34). Christ the king offers his kingdom based on God’s grace to people who challenged the structures and offered hope by sharing food, water, clothing, shelter and care. It is important to recognise that it is God’s grace that chooses people to inherit the kingdom of God, and it is God’s grace that helps them to serve the vulnerable in society. No one can serve the ‘other’ by their own strength and merit.

Christ the king reverses kingship by choosing the vulnerable, the least in society, the outsiders as his family members: anything done to such people is done unto him (v.40). By reversing the norms of power and status, Christ the king chooses people who are hungry, thirsty, poor, sick, foreigners and strangers, and in prison, those who are supposedly the ‘invalids’ in society, as his family members. It takes courage to choose such vulnerable people as valuable, and even to make them a family. This is Christ the king’s radical reversal from the norm of power.

All that matters in this life, according to Christ the king is this: it is only love that thrives. Particularly love for the ‘other’, the outsiders, powerless and vulnerable is the yardstick to demonstrate the grace of God in our lives and communities. Three particular points for us as a Church can be drawn from this text.

Firstly, does our church’s mission mandate match this message, that love for the ‘other’ in actions thrives? Feeding the hungry, giving a drink to the thirsty, welcoming the stranger, clothing the naked, caring for the sick and visiting the imprisoned; these six representative acts of love in action to vulnerable people should be the activity of our churches. When our mission is such, we are truly serving Christ the king. Church is all about serving our community in love, outside the walls of our church building, and particularly the most vulnerable people.

Secondly, Christ the king chose not to be with the powers but consciously chose the powerless as his family members. In aligning with Christ, we are called to give up pride, positions, and power and seek to identify with the weak and vulnerable in our communities. The call is clear and loud; to give up our privilege and supremacy. It is time to relocate our churches to the margins of society, away from the centres of power, for among such people does Christ pitch his tent. As a church, if we want to encounter Christ today, we must pitch our tents with Jesus on such sites of margins and vulnerability.

Thirdly, Christ the king distinguishes those that demonstrate love in action to the ‘outsiders’ from those who don’t demonstrate love in action to the ‘outsiders.’ The calling from this text is to move from not demonstrating love in action to demonstrating love in action, for Christ the king is a God of love and justice, and would not want anyone to be lost. This text is a challenge and encouragement to submit ourselves to the grace of God who receives anyone and everyone into her fold.

In most versions of the Bible this text is titled ‘judgement of the nations’, but I propose two better titles. First is ‘Christ the king’s reverse kingship from power to love,’ and second is ‘Love alone thrives, for love to the “outsider” is all that matters.’ This text thus serves as a curtain-raiser to the story of Christmas, where God in Jesus Christ reverses kingship by pitching his tent with the margins, being born as a baby in Bethlehem. To demonstrate love in action to this world, God comes down as a child born of Mary, identifying with the weak, the vulnerable and the outsiders. The whole story of Christmas is a celebration of the reverse kingship of God, for God did not come to discipline the world with a cane in his hand, nor as a rich guy enjoying all the privileges and comforts of life. Rather, God came down as a baby, born in a manger, in a corner of the Roman empire, to give life in all its fullness to the entire creation. If I need a Biblical advert for Christmas, I will choose this text as my plot to convey the message that ‘love alone thrives, for God in Jesus was born for love, offering love as a way forward for any life situation.’

As we begin the season of Advent, let us strive in keeping Christ the reason for this season, and if Christ is the reason, then his family members, the vulnerable, weak, powerless and the outsiders should be at the heart of our mission and ministry of love.

by Ruth Gee.

At the end of October I visited Rome with my daughter, as she had never been to the city we did much as possible in the few days we were there. On the final day of our visit we joined a guided tour of the Forum and the Colosseum. The guide introduced himself as an archaeologist who had worked for ten years on the Palatine Hill. He was clearly knowledgeable about the history and archaeology of the site. Inside the Colosseum he described in some detail the pageant and brutality of the events that had taken place, designed to glorify individuals, to pull people together in times of disagreement, or to make a political point. As the three-hour tour was ending he drew our attention to the cross which stands at the site of the emperor’s box. He then told the group about the annual Via Crucis or Way of the Cross ceremony, traditionally led by the Pope on Good Friday, when thousands gather with lighted candles outside the Colosseum and prayers are said at four stations of the cross. Our guide described this as Christians praying to their God and forgetting or covering up the brutal history of the place. He did not approve and it seemed that many in the group agreed with him.

As I listened to our guide I wanted to say that, far from wiping out the memory of brutality and suffering, Good Friday is the time when we recognise that Christ stands among those who suffer, stands against injustice and offers the hope of transformation. This year, at each of the four stations, accounts of suffering of migrants and refugees from war, civil warfare or hunger, were read aloud. The theme of the procession was “voices of peace in a time of war.”

Sadly, the Christian message was not communicated to at least one person because it was concealed by ceremony and symbolism that was not understood. While Christians were remembering the transformational and restorative love of God in Christ, our guide felt that the symbolism of the Colosseum as a place of violence and death was being forgotten and devalued.

A few weeks later, I stood in the cold and rain alongside my colleague from the Church in Wales and civic representatives. We were at the war memorial in the centre of the town where we led prayers, kept silence together and sang hymns. I reflected that my shivering in the rain and cold was little in comparison with those fleeing in terror from bombarded homes, or those who had spent months in the horror of the trenches.

Wreaths were laid by representatives from the armed forces and many community organisations. We spoke of the love of God in Christ, prayed for all those affected by war and remembered the conflicts of today as well as those of the past.

One of the standard bearers from the forces was a chaplain, her presence embodied something of what it means to stand alongside those who experience extreme conflict and trauma. Through readings, prayers and hymns we were trying to share the truth that Christ stands among those who suffer, stands against injustice and offers the hope of transformation.

Among Methodists and others there is a range of differing views about the commemorations that take place on Remembrance Sunday. For some in this range of views they are occasions that celebrate or even glorify war and warriors; for some they are an opportunity to remember lives lost, to lament and to commit to working for peace. The symbolism of poppies, processions, bands and marches is powerful and evokes a variety of responses and memories.

In the report to the 2023 Methodist Conference, “A Justice-seeking Church: the report of the Walking with Micah project” we are reminded of the rootedness in our tradition of the commitment to seeking justice. We are also reminded that this commitment to justice and to peace is a gospel imperative, shaping all our relationships, because we know and experience a God who is just.[1]

As I reflect on my recent experiences in Rome and in North Wales alongside our commitment to be a justice seeking church, proclaiming the good news and working for justice and peace, I am left with (at least) two questions:

• How might we better communicate the gospel message of the transforming love of God in Christ and of commitment to justice and peace, when we participate in public events?

• How can we ensure that the symbols we use are contextually appropriate?
  

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[1] A Justice-seeking Church: the report of the Walking with Micah project, 2023 para 6

by Leslie Newton.

Arguably the most influential driver for the remarkable growth of early Methodism was Wesley’s creation of a dynamic network of ‘spaces for grace.’  As Wesley’s own life was shaped by God’s amazing grace, so he discovered that receiving and responding to grace is foundational to everyone’s growing in faith and, crucially, something best done together.

Grace, of course, is a cherished treasure at the heart of Christianity in general, but for Methodists it has historically held a particularly rich and distinctive place. “For the ‘people called Methodists’ grace is nothing less than the defining, shaping and underpinning energy that flows at the very heart of the movement.”[1] It embraces the Wesley-an ‘waves of grace’[2]: ‘prevenient grace’, ‘justifying grace’ and ‘sanctifying grace.’[3]  Alongside these ‘waves of grace’ we also have the ‘means of grace’ (such as prayer, scripture, communion, fasting, and conferring). Devoting ourselves to the ‘means of grace’ is vital if God’s transforming grace is going to continue to help us grow. As Randy Maddox so helpfully puts it, it’s about “responsible grace”[4]: we have our part to play, responsibly, in continuing to grow in grace. 

So, here’s some challenge for us. 

• Is there not a danger that we have lost confidence in the power of God’s grace to transform us, our communities and the world? 
• Have we instead too often settled for a church that runs more on guilt than grace, more out of anxiety than assurance?
• Is it not high time that we once again yield our lives, and our life together, to the transformative potential of God’s grace?

As I began, part of John Wesley’s genius lay in creating a network of ‘spaces for grace.’ These included the field, bands, classes and societies, where ‘waves of grace’ flowed as people attended to the ‘means of grace’ together.  Through this lens our discipleship is first and foremost forged by our intentional, risky-but-committed participation in this network of ‘spaces of grace.’  Out of this is shaped our response: in vocation, service and generous gracious living. 

What does this all mean for us as the Methodist Church today? My hunch is that we need to focus our best imagination and energy in recreating and developing a rich tapestry of purposeful ‘spaces for grace.’  

With space-limited bluntness, I point to two radical reorientations I think are essential:

1. Away from attaching too much expectation about the Sunday congregational gathering being able to achieve all that is so often implied.  These times can indeed be a ‘space for grace’ but they should not be seen as the primary building block of a movement seeking to be fashioned and empowered by ‘waves of grace’ and through ‘means of grace.’  

Towards, a greater commitment to smaller, committed groups focussed around an openness to God’s unexpected activity, mutual accountability, and deeper sharing.  All with an expectant longing for more of Jesus’ gracious presence.

• Away from too easy a satisfaction, all too often, with ‘just’ providing opportunities for people to be gathered together.  Of course, there is often enormous benefit and Christian service in such times (coffee mornings, warm spaces, speaker-led fellowship gatherings etc.)  They are good: they can be wonderful ‘spaces for grace,’ particularly of prevenient grace.  But without them being part of a fuller network of ‘spaces for grace’ we are so limited and limiting in what we are offering.

Towards, alongside such gatherings, a more courageous, Jesus-centred offering of other spaces; spaces of grace with huge contextual variety and shade, but with an intentionality to share the Jesus story, to invite people to grow in grace, to discover the Good News of the gospel personally – that Jesus really is Emmanuel – God with us – that he really has moved into every neighbourhood, full of grace and truth.

Wesley quickly learned that a network and flow of ‘spaces of grace’ was vital for the ‘people called Methodists’ to continue to grow in grace and for new people to enter into, and grow in, a life of faith. [5]  What was true then is true now.

So, at a time when the church is prone to be almost paralyzingly anxious that it is running low on resources of money, energy and even time, let’s celebrate that the resource we most need – grace – is inexhaustible and in constant supply!  Might we then set about developing a richer, more diverse and creative network of ‘spaces of grace’ that once again offer us – and the world – the hope of spiritual and social transformation?

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[1] From my book, Revive Us Again, page 52. Available here –https://amzn.eu/d/6cj8eow
More information at: https://www.publishu.com/books/revive-us-again

[2] Beck, M, A Field Guide to Methodist Fresh Expressions, page 40

[3] Prevenient grace, meaning the grace that ‘comes before,’ bridges the gap between God and humanity. It makes possible our response to God’s forgiving and reconciling grace. Justifying grace assures us of the forgiveness and acceptance of God, aligning us with God’s gracious gift of new life. Sanctifying grace, the grace that perfects, shapes the restoring of humanity into the image of God and the conforming of all creation into the image of Christ.

[4] Maddox, R, Responsible Grace: John Wesley’s Practical Theology page 41

[5] Indeed, as Wesley himself put it so bluntly in his journal: “I was more convinced than ever, that the preaching like an Apostle, without joining together those that are awakened, and training them up in the ways of God, is only begetting children of the murderer…. [with]…. no regular societies, no discipline, no order of connection…. the consequence is that nine in ten of the once-awakened are now faster asleep than ever.’

by Ben Pugh.

On 17^th October this year, I gave the annual Samuel Chadwick Lecture at Cliff College. My theme was ‘The Gospel in a Material World.’ My talk developed ideas I explored in my earlier post for Theology Everywhere. What had changed since that earlier post was that, by the time I gave the Samuel Chadwick Lecture, I had had a bit of a eureka moment. I now felt I had a clarifying lens for modern secularity: Epicureanism. It captures all the facets of secularism: especially the recurring Western cultural traits of philosophical materialism, religious indifference, and individualism. Not only that, but Epicureanism, a hugely popular philosophy in the Roman world, connects us to a significant aspect of the context in which Christianity first arose. This means that there is the exciting possibility of discovering that Paul, for instance, is already addressing Epicureanism in his letters and thereby supplying those of us who preach and teach today with some made-to-measure ways of putting things that might connect with the recovering Epicureans who sit in our pews. The dampener, of course, is that Epicureans get only one explicit mention throughout the entire New Testament (Acts 17:18). This is a sobering warning to me. Indeed, a certain Norman Wentworth De Witt, in 1954 produced the perfect example of an over-cooked, over-confident reading-in of Epicurean ideas in Paul’s writings.[1] De Witt seemed to believe that most of Paul has been mistranslated and if we only understand all the places where Paul is as anonymously ridiculing Epicurus, we will get Paul’s drift. The book stands as a shining example to me of how not to go about this. However, in this short post I’ll not be attempting much by way of New Testament study. For now, I just want to try on this Epicurean lens to see what becomes clearer about our culture.  

Epicureans were followers of Epicurus (341-270BC) and subscribed to a materialist dogma. De Witt was probably right about that at least: it was the only Greek Philosophy with a fixed dogma. The Epicureans believed in atoms, like we do. They were devout empiricists, believing emphatically that certain knowledge of the universe was to be gained via sense perceptions. Ethically, they were utilitarian like we mostly are, always asking the question: what can promote the greatest amount of happiness and the least amount of pain for the greatest number of people? They were ruggedly self-reliant and individualist, adamantly rejecting anything such as fate or divine providence that might unseat their unbridled self-determination. And they were not religious. Indeed, they saw religion as part of the problem. They were castigated by Philo for being atheists, as well for being hedonistic and holding to a view of the cosmos that was too mechanistic.

Sounds familiar! But the most prized doctrine they held to, which emerged logically from their materialistic atomism, was the rejection of the idea of an afterlife. They felt strongly that ideas about facing judgment after we die were among the most troubling things we entertain and the quicker we get rid of such thoughts the sooner we can enjoy an untroubled and happy life. So, they opted for the belief that people’s souls were made of atoms, just like their bodies, and hence disintegrate after death. Epicurus himself stridently asserted: ‘Death is nothing to us; for the body, when it has been resolved into its elements, has no feeling; and that which has no feeling is nothing to us.’[2] Epicureans, then as now, believed they had hamstrung religion’s most persuasive claims simply by disposing of the afterlife. A very common inscription on tombs was the Latin Non fui, fui, non sum, non desidero: ‘I was not; I was; I am not; I do not care.’

Despite its immense popularity among the middle classes of the ancient world, Epicurean materialism did not manage to keep its hold over the popular imagination and does not reappear until the early modern era. Many of the early Enlightenment thinkers were enamoured with Epicurus’ atomism. Inspired by him, Thomas Hobbes offered his famously desolate pronouncement: ‘. . . every part of the universe is body, and that which is not body is no part of the universe. And because the universe is all, that which is no part of it, is nothing (and consequently, nowhere).^[3]

The rediscovery of Epicureanism in the early modern period has had a lasting effect upon our culture. Today, the very idea of having a faith is problematic: we don’t understand what it is or why it’s necessary. But there is another blind spot too. It is this: we can’t understand what it looks and feels like to be in union with Christ. Our entrenched individualism gets in the way, and our materialism for that matter.

When teaching the Gentiles Paul learned, perhaps the hard way, to foreground the wonderful ‘in Christ’ life that had come to mean so much to him: a fullness of life enjoyed in the here and now. We too need our eyes opening afresh to what it means to be ‘joined to the Lord,’ and ‘one spirit with him’ (1Cor.6:17); coordinated in thought, feeling, will, speech and action with the crucified and glorified Christ; our seeing, hearing, feelings and tastes occupied and sanctified by Christ in us, the hope of glory.

Watch the 2023 Samuel Chadwick Lecture here

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[1]St Paul and Epicurus (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1954).

[2] Diogenes Laertius, X. 139

[3] Hobbes, Leviathan, 46.15.

by Elaine Lindridge.

The challenging title of the book ‘Do I Stay A Christian?[1]’ caught my eye in the bookshop and even as I bought it I knew it would not be an easy read.

I’ve read several books by the author (Brian McLaren) and have found that he often addresses questions I have been trying to verbalise. This book states that it is ‘a guide for the doubters, the disappointed and the disillusioned’. Part One; entitled ‘No’ gives reasons why not to remain a Christian, whilst Part Two ‘Yes’ gives reasons to remain. It was the final Part 3 that I found the most helpful as McLaren addresses the question of ’How?’.

As I journeyed slowly through the book I found it almost excruciating to recall our chequered Christian history of colonialism, violence, failure and toxicity. There was nothing new to me in these chapters but to have them all together literally in black and white before me was incredibly sobering.

The chapters giving reasons to stay a Christian managed to avoid a saccharin like hope that is not build on any realism.  One chapter boldly states that leaving defiantly or staying compliantly are not our only options. I like that!

‘Renounce and Announce’ is the title of one of the final chapters that addresses the question of ‘how’ to remain a Christian.  McLaren talks of ‘coming out’ as being one of the many gifts our LGBTQ siblings have given us[2]. In ‘coming out’ an individual announces that ‘you have thought of me one way, but I have come to understand myself in a different way, and I want to let you know’. He then goes on to encourage the reader to consider how they might ‘come out’ as one who decides to leave Christianity or remain a Christian in a constructive way.

So here is my ‘coming out’ announcement.

I have changed. Those who know me personally may have thought of me in one way, but I have come to understand myself in a different way. For me the term ‘Christian’ carries as many negative as positive connotations and at times I’m not keen to own it. Orthodoxy has become a fluid term, as I’m not sure what I believe anymore – but I’m content with that.

 This all has the danger of sounding like negative introspection and of endorsing an unhelpful individuality, all of which I would certainly want to avoid.  

Some might find it shocking that as a Presbyter in the Methodist Church I could ever have even entertained the idea of not remaining a Christian but let me tell you – I’m not the only one. I am regularly finding myself in conversations with others who are (as the book says) doubters, disappointed and disillusioned, although to be fair that is often aimed at the church and not at God. Yet in the midst of that they are meeting God in deeper ways as they seek to make sense of their new reality. In a sense, new communities of god-seekers are emerging. Let me assure you that whilst I might at times struggle with the title ‘Christian’ and all the baggage that goes with it, it does not equate that I am not still deeply attracted to the life of Jesus. I seek to encounter God in my daily life and look for ways to share this universal love with others.  I feel like I have been born again…again. Some of the old me has died and something new has come to life. Prayer, meditation, contemplation has become more accessible and I sense God more profoundly and abundantly than ever.

The purpose of this blog is to raise a flag that says ‘I’m here’. If you have been experiencing something similar, please know that you are not alone. My hope and prayer is that the Methodist Church (and the wider church) can keep its arms of love and acceptance boldly open to those who are seeking to remain Christian.  We might not fit quite as neatly into the Christian box or into the Church’s idea of what it means to be a Jesus follower, but we’re still here.

I hand back over to Brian McLaren for the final word,

‘If others reject us or prefer that we leave, so be it. In the long run, we will find it better to be rejected for who we are than accepted for who we aren’t. Whether we have shifted out of Christianity entirely or into a new kind of Christianity, we have to be courageous enough to come out of our closets and go public, not minimising the change, not feeling embarrassed about who we are becoming, not hiding our light under a bushel of polite ambiguity’. [3]

May God’s blessing be upon each reader.

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[1] Do I Stay A Christian? Brian McLaren. Hodder & Stoughton 2022

[2] p.280

[3] p.284

by Tim Baker.

The title for this comes from Tim Hughes’ worship song, God of justice, which ends with an invitation to ‘keep us from just singing, move us into action, we must go, we must go’. A lot of my work involves inviting churches to think about how they can engage with justice meaningfully, and doing so in the context of leading worship (typically on a Sunday morning). I work for a charity called All We Can — a Christian international development agency with a passion for partnership.

I wonder what the word ‘partnership’ means for you? For many of us it conjures positive images of togetherness and community and trust, but I expect most of us also have a negative story to tell.

It’s a word that covers all manner of sins, greed and power-politics. However, it’s a word we are committed to at All We Can (at least until we can think of a better one!) because it is what enables us to move from leading-from-the-front when it comes to tackling poverty around the world, and focus more on enabling people, communities and whole nations to be in charge of their own transformation and development.

So I’d encourage us to think about committing to partnership in our worship, in our justice-seeking, and in our own lives.

In our worship, we are seeing this change happening already in many churches — as we move away from an assumption that worship is done for us, or delivered to us, by experts, to a recognition (or re-recognition) that we all have a part to play. Worship isn’t produced and consumed, it’s shared. As we have been reminded, liturgy literally means: ‘the work of the people’. That’s about all of us.

In our justice-seeking, we can most effectively see this as an extension of our worship if we commit to the same principle of partnership — not that we ‘fix’ the people in our communities or ‘export’ our ideas into the world. But we enable local people with lived experience to be in the driving seat of change.

Not the gift of a shoebox, or the sponsorship of a child, but the support for a community to set its own agenda, to lead its own transformation. As Victor, the leader All We Can’s partner in Malawi would say: ‘everything local is sustainable’, and local people have a PhD in their community, so we should probably listen to him.

When we route our action in worship, it changes the way we ‘do justice’ at all. We listen more, we wait for the movement of the spirit, we learn. We are prepared to put the communities we serve in the driving seat of change.

So yes, Lord, we pray: keep us from just singing, move us into action, we must go — but not as heroes, rather as partners, as listeners, as enablers. Not as messiahs, but as a people joining in with the work of The Messiah, who is still at work through The Spirit in our worship, in the places where we live, and around the world.

You can find out more about All We Can’s work here: allwecan.org.uk

To Consider:

• Should worship always be led by the ‘person up front’?
• Think of ways in which group preparation may be effective.
• Would participation in this way help churches to grow?
• Read: Isaiah 58:6-12

We are pleased to continue our partnership with Spectrum, a community of Christians of all denominations which encourages groups and individuals to explore the Christian faith in depth. This year the study papers are on the theme of ‘Heartfelt Worship’ by Rev’d Jan Berry (author and former principal of Luther King House, Manchester) and Tim Baker (Local Preacher, All We Can’s Churches and Volunteer’s Manager and contributor to the Twelve Baskets Worship Resources Group). This is the second of six coming through the year.

by Paul Bridges.

For over 20 years my repeated experience of cancer and its treatment has been a significant context in my life. I like to believe that my life is not defined by cancer but I have to accept that it is one of the things that defines me.

When I was diagnosed with cancer for the second and then the third time I struggled to make sense of it. I found that creative writing helped me to process my thoughts and feelings. My writing took the form of letters, sometimes to people and sometimes to ideas. What follows is an abridged version of my letter to God. I offer it as an example of how the context of our life can influence our theological thinking, both its is themes and direction.

As you read this window into a part of my life, I invite you to ask yourself a few questions?

• Does this letter give you a different perspective about serious illness and God?
• What have been the significant contexts in your life and how have these affected your theological thinking?
• To what extent do you agree with Stephan Bevans who said “There is no such thing as ‘theology;’ there is only contextual theology”?[1]

Dear God,

As I am sure you are aware I have been writing letters to people and things connected to my cancer. I am not fooling myself that they are only about cancer. They are a way of working out things, of recognising the good that is happening in the midst of struggle. And they are a way of coping when people say crass things, and I have to smile sweetly. People say lots of strange things about cancer – “I hear that a good one to get” for example.

You often get mentioned too – people blame you for cancer or to be more accurate they use cancer as their reason for not believing in you. Cancer is such a cruel and horrible disease that a benevolent God could not possibly allow cancer to happen. I have never understood you and the world in this way, but I understand why people do. You are not a vending machine to be used as and when we want you. In fact, if that was the case and you just did what we asked then that would make us God.

For many, life has so many cruel and horrible things in it, surely if a loving God exists they would do something about it. I have not blamed you for my cancer but I do wonder sometimes why there has to be cancer at all.

Occasionally people put the blame elsewhere, they suggest that there is a reason we have cancer. Obviously, they don’t say it in these words but they say things like “everything happens for a reason”. Or “God will work through this cancer”. Are they really saying I am being punished or that somehow giving me cancer is part of your masterplan?

Do you scream and shout, with me, when people say that? What sort of being could punish people or try to achieve something through cancer? No, I reject this thinking. I do not and will not believe that you give people cancer.

Some say that you will teach me something through my experience, but I reject this too.  Yes, I have learnt much, about compassion and humanity, but the idea that you gave me cancer so I can learn these things I must reject. Was I not a good enough student the first and second times I got cancer is that why I got cancer a third time!

We want answers, don’t we? We want to know why and how. But you are the great I am, that’s what you said wasn’t it when Moses asked your name. I am the I am. Well, it seems to me that you are the great I am and life is the just is. That is no rhyme or reason, no why or how with cancer, it just is.

Like so many things that horrify us, cancer also shows us the depth of humanity and compassion that we are capable of. I see you clearly here.

I think of the woman that spent the afternoon gardening with my wife during my first operation.

I remember the doctor who let me play my favourite music as he put me to sleep before an operation.

The new neighbours who left a meal on our doorstep.

The friends that drove hours to see me but only stay a few minutes because I was too tired.

I remember the nurse who told me to be kind to myself.

The man that help me back to physical and psychological health with walks and cherry pie, oh that cherry pie.

The care assistants who dried and dressed me with clothes and compassion when a simple bath had taken all of my energy.

The volunteers who gave up their time to listen to me or give me some complementary therapy.

I see you in all these.

But there are some things I still struggle with.

I don’t believe in miracles, well not with bangs and flashes and science defying changes. I believe in the miracles of life and of love, the miracles of forgiveness and compassion. So, I have always struggled with prayers for physical healing. If you are a loving God why would you need someone else to pray for my healing before you intervene? Nothing would stop me rushing to my children, surely the same is true of you too.

I think you heal us through the skill and compassion of doctors and nurses, through the love and care of family and friends. But yet there is something. As I lay in my hospital bed I would recall all the people who told me they were praying for me. I would get a message of support on texts and emails, and somehow, they helped. People of faith sometimes use strange phrases, they say holding you in prayer, and actually that’s just what it felt like.

Feeling held, gave me the courage and confidence to keep going, but also to give up. To give up worrying, to give up the weight of responsibility, sometimes even to give up caring. I could do this knowing you held me and these things for me. Real safety means being able to be totally vulnerable without any of our usual barriers trusting totally in the protection of another. To those we love and we know love us we don’t have to be strong.

There is a story I have always liked, I am sure you know it already!

A little girl and her father were crossing a bridge over a raging river. The father was kind of scared so he asked his little daughter,

‘Sweetheart, please hold my hand so that you don’t fall into the river.’

The little girl said, ‘No, Daddy. You hold my hand.’

‘What’s the difference?’ Asked the puzzled father.

‘There’s a big difference,’ replied the little girl.

‘If I hold your hand and something happens to me, chances are that I may let your hand go. But if you hold my hand, I know for sure that no matter what happens, you will never let my hand go.’

I think this may be what prayer is, you holding our hand.

So, I am grateful for every prayer spoken. Thank you and Amen

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[1] In my last piece for Theology Everywhere – “The only way is up” – I considered whether the development of our theology may not be linear but contextual – affected by what is going on in our lives.

by Kerry Tankard.

This is the third in a series of articles about theology and music culture…[1]

Previously, I rejected the idea of the profane as a space somehow apart from God. I will touch on that theme again by exploring the reconciliation of eros and agape in Nick Cave’s song Brompton Oratory.[i] The album The Boatman’s Call explores themes of love, loss, faith, and God, as songs reflect variously on the end of his marriage to Viviane Carneiro, the end of his short intense relationship with the singer/songwriter P J Harvey, and another of his stays in rehab to address his heroin addiction. This weft of experiences is woven onto the warp of the divine, and the tapestry created became one of the most significant albums in Cave’s extensive catalogue.

In an amusing interview in the film 20,000 Days on Earth,[ii] Cave reflected on how he would go to church on a Sunday morning to pass the time as he was waiting for the heroin dealers along the Portobello Road to be up. The song, Brompton Oratory, captures something of that unorthodox balance of the good and bad in his life at the time, while threaded with the end of his relationships and his shifting engagement with the idea of God.

In his lecture, The Secret Life of the Love Song,[iii] he writes:

Though the Love Song comes in many guises – songs of exultation and praise, songs of rage and of despair, erotic songs, songs of abandonment and loss – they all address God, for it is the haunted premises of longing that the true Love Song inhabits…It is the cry of one chained to the earth, to the ordinary and to the mundane, craving flight; a flight into inspiration and imagination and divinity.[iv] 

That longing is echoed in these words from Brompton Oratory where the encounter of the sacred and the seemingly profane reveals something of the relationship of desire, eros, and agape.

The blood imparted in little sips
The smell of you still on my hands
As I bring the cup up to my lips[v]

Cave recalls receiving the sacrament from the cup and so also recalls the smell of his lover as he touches the chalice, the holy and the seemingly profane meet. Some will find this moment disturbing, even offensive. Here it appears sex, often the greatest taboo of the profane, and the sacrament, the most sacred of Church celebrations, meet in one man’s actions. This raises the question of whether these hands are ‘contaminated’ not only by the body of another, but morally and spiritually as well?

The answer to the first part of that question could be yes, and literally so. His hands could really still be perfumed with the scent of the woman he has lost. Obviously, the words could be a poetic construction, but that is secondary to the intent they convey. He wants us to know that he carries her on his hands, that what they have shared is now part of holding this cup of salvation; one longing is being responded to by a quite different gift. This meeting of the seemingly profane with the sacred is powerful and profound. It invites us to ask of ourselves, what hidden things do we each bring to the table of Christ, and do we genuinely believe they will be received there? With such hidden things, are we free to receive from Christ? Can we enjoy still this means of grace and this converting ordinance? And, crucially here, what desire are we coming to Christ with?

Nick Cave brings these questions to the foreground with a deliberate invocation of erotic events to remind us of our yearning, of eros itself. Kneeling by the side of us, he calls us to hold eros and agape together, and not see them as divided or opposed forms of love –  to recover a sense of the relationship between them.

This thinking is not new. Dionysius suggested something similar in the 5^th/6^th Century when arguing, “in my opinion, the sacred writers regard ‘yearning’ (eros) and love (agape) as having one and the same meaning”.[vi] Desire and longing are manifest in eros, but this desire and longing finds itself ultimately fulfilled by God, and in God’s agape. This is different to a tradition in the Church which elevated agape against eros. Agape was portrayed as drawing us upwards, a form of heavenly and holy loving, while selfish eros was an earthlier and material thing which dragged us down. This divided love, rather than seeing these expressions as intimately linked parts of the singularity of love that is shared within the Trinity, and by the Trinity with the world. Andrew Davison concludes that agape is not the end of eros, but that agape is about the reception of eros as love manifest in passion and desire. Invoking Sarah Coakley he says, ‘the way to bring the right ordering of human erotic desire is not to cover it up but to uncover its relation to God. We must “turn Freud on his head”’.[vii] Or as Coakley puts it herself, ‘Instead of “God” language ‘really’ being about sex, sex is really about God.’[viii]

What Nick Cave captures, intentionally or not, is our ultimate desire for God. The desires we feel for good things, are analogous indicators of the deep desire we have for God. In holding the chalice in Brompton Oratory, with scented hands, Cave lays a symbol of that truth before us. His desire for his lost lover is merging with his desire for God, as he sips from the cup. One desire is potentially being renewed by the revelation of the deeper desire for God, all part of what Cave sees as the longing of the true love song.

Twenty five years later, after so much more life experience, that yearning would find profoundly beautiful expression in his recorded Seven Psalms. I leave you with the words of the 3^rd of those:

My heart, my love, my Lord, my one true bride
Sanctuary where the eternal yearning[ix] rest
Unpetal me and burst me open wide
Lay your shining head upon my breast[x]

Amen.

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[1] The goodness of (profane) worship & King Gizzard, AstroTurf, and John Wesley!

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[i] A live performance is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_esUexstdbg; the lyrics here: https://www.nickcave.com/lyric/brompton-oratory/

[ii] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kiDJarn0hM

[iii] Nick Cave, The Secret Life of the Love Song, published in Nick Cave: The Complete Lyrics 1978-2022, pp.1-19.

[iv] Ibid., p.7

[v] Ibid., p.278

[vi] Divine Names, IV.12 as quoted in Sarah Coakley, God, Sexuality, and the Self: An Essay ‘On The Trinity’, p.313.

[vii] Andrew Davison, Why Sacraments?, p.112

[viii] Sarah Coakley, Op. Cit., p.316.

[ix] My emphasis.

[x] Nick Cave, Op. Cit., p.609 from Seven Psalms released in 2022.

by George Bailey.

Increasingly, I think of leadership simply as an inevitable feature of human community. If there are a group of people with a task to do, there will be some form of leadership. It may be intentional and planned, or may just unfold as some people’s personalities, past experiences and skills encourage others to let them guide and represent the group. Hence leadership is a puzzle – to what extent should we seek to control and determine it? Most people have a view as to what constitutes good leadership, and bad. However, these evaluations are determined by what one supposes might be the aims and purposes of the group in which leadership is exercised. The definition of good Christian leadership is inherently shaped by what we think the church ought to be like.

Attitudes to leadership as a topic vary in Christian missiology, and are often connected to the way that theologians approach the ever expanding non-Christian leadership literature. It is a clear that good leadership can help communities and institutions progress well, so there are understandably a wealth of research, guides and ‘how to’ books from sociological, psychological and organisational perspectives. I am convinced though that it is not sensible to see leadership as a separate subject within the Church’s theology. I am wary of books on Christian leadership which fail to adequately ground their insights in the theology of the church. There are obvious dangers when leaders become detached from the body of the community as if they were a special category of people, and making a theological category for leadership thinking can easily play into that dynamic. In a helpful book on Wesleyan theologies of leadership, Kenneth Carder and Laceye Warner hold firmly to the principle that ‘the tools of business and corporate management and the social sciences are subservient to soteriology and eschatology.’^[1]

If leadership is simply a normal feature of human community, then Christian leadership is an inevitable consequence of the way that Christians are part of a close community that we call a church. Leadership should reflect and be shaped by the theology of the church. In a Wesleyan church tradition, sanctification (being made holy) is the central organising focus of our theology – to use the eighteenth-century term… ‘scriptural holiness’ is our primary purpose. People exercising leadership are firstly Christians who are growing in grace and holiness, and as they do this they encourage and help others in the church to join them, just as they are upheld and supported by the community – a mutual partnership for sanctification. This should take priority over any drift of church leadership towards a small group of people, or worse, just one person, having authority and power over others.

There are New Testament precedents to help with this. Although some see Paul as an authoritarian leader, he always made efforts to work alongside others and not to lead on his own. He also considered himself an apostle amongst other apostles, and the New Testament church is governed by synodical consensus (e.g. Acts 15). The Greek word synod comes from the root ‘to walk/travel’ and the prefix for ‘together’. Paul’s leadership was grounded within his theology of the church as a diverse body with diverse gifts, all of which are valued and need to work together (1 Corinthians 12). I might go as far as to argue that whenever one Christian person is elevated as leader and given authority in a way which de-values the gifts of others, the result is detrimental to the mission of the Church. In my own experience of ministry, I have shared in several teams and currently work in team ministry within a Methodist-Anglican congregation, and also as Co-Superintendent for a circuit. I know that, personally for me at least, shared leadership and partnerships of gifts are better than being in a sole leadership position. If nothing else, it helps me avoid my own weaknesses affecting the way I exercise leadership in the church.

This is in line with Methodist heritage. Although, like Paul, some also dismiss John Wesley as an overly authoritarian leader, and we must acknowledge that he did display various weaknesses and failings, the Methodist revival movement was though drawing many people from diverse backgrounds into mutual leadership frameworks. Lovett Weems describes a Wesleyan practice of ‘multiple leadership’ – leadership comes from different social locations and is recognised in people with widely varied gifts and experiences, and leadership is sometimes ‘for a season’ and a particular situation.[2] This ‘multiple leadership’ is based primarily on the centrality of sanctification alone. Weems develops this thinking further in a 2016 collection of chapters on Wesleyan leadership: ‘Effective leadership in the church begins with God’s call, God’s people and a vision of God’s reign. From the beginning, the focus must be theological, not personal.’[3]

‘The reality is that all are leaders and all are followers.’[4] However, if this principle is applied thoroughly, perhaps there is a danger of the dispersal of effort and loss of clarity about the mission of a church. Again, Weems echoes my experience in ministry: ‘If multiple leadership is to be the rule, then it is essential to make sure that God’s vision for the church at this time in history is discerned, articulated, and shared.’[5] The more that leadership is seen not as a personal vocation, but instead as a shared communal expression of community life, the more important it is that theological grounding and vision is discerned and shared. This becomes the primary leadership activity. Rather than the practical achievement of short term goals, which are best realised by collectively drawing on a diversity of gifts, leadership is about communal responsibility to discern and express theological vocation, and for each disciple to live this out personally.

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[1] K. Carder and L. Warner (2016). Grace to Lead: Practising Leadership. United Methodist Church: General Board of Higher Education and Ministry. p.14

[2] Weems, Lovett H., Jr. (1998) Leadership in the Wesleyan Spirit. Nashville: Abingdon Press. section 2.5

[3] Weems, Lovett H., Jr. (2016). ‘What makes Leadership Wesleyan?’ in Perry, B. and Easley, B. (eds.) (2016), Leadership the Wesleyan Way: An Anthology for forming Leaders in Wesleyan Thought and Practice, Lexington, KY: Emeth Press. p.28

[4] Weems 1998, Leadership in the Wesleyan Spirit. sect 5.2

[5] ibid.